HA 230I Receptor Binding Domain Polymorphism Potential for Spread

Current trending indicates a reportable potential for the M230I polymorphism spreading on the Hemagglutinin of PF11. This Receptor Binding Domain change may enhance Vaccine Escape from the currently selected vaccine target candidate, CA/07 X181. 

For those who are following the prediction on February 25, 2010, the pandemic reservoir now shows multiple instances of multiple encodings for 230I. 

The 230I bearing sequences meeting the prediction are documented in the detailed discussion on Vaccine Escape that demonstrates a 100% change rate in the pandemic influenza (pH1N1) reservoir at the critical HA genetics range between amino acid positions 186 and 248.  87% of the amino acid positions have notated revisions.

Expectations for the M230I polymorphism, that first came to our notice for zoonotic concern on the H5N1 human fatality cluster, have now been revised based on the most current public data.

• 45% probability in Arizona of HA 230I in PF11 RBS within 60 days.
• 75% probability in Arizona of HA 230I in PF11 RBS within 210 days.

• 75% probability of HA 230I in PF11 RBS within 90 days in one of:
• Arizona, Utah, Nevada
• California
• Texas
• New York
• Wisconsin (spread)
• Minnesota (spread)
• Japan (spread)
• Greece
• Russia
• Ukraine
• 87% probability of HA 230I in PF11 RBS within 210 days in one of:
• Arizona, Utah, Nevada
• California
• Texas
• New York
• Wisconsin (spread)
• Minnesota (spread)
• Hawaii
• Delaware
• Vermont
• Iowa
• Kentucky
• Japan (spread)
• Greece
• Russia
• Ukraine

• 5% or less probability of HA 230I within 60 days of conserving across PF11.
• 7% probability of HA 230I within 210 days of conserving on one or more Hydrae.

Anti-viral drug usage may drive 230I genetic acquisition.

The following geographies show potential to acquire the HA polymorphism in an anti-viral over-usage climate.  Anti-viral resistance from the NA H275Y revision is not the only genetic concern with over-usage.  We suggest that the rate of adoption will vary by penetration percentage of anti-viral implementation techniques geared toward sub-clinical symptomology and pre-emptively medicating undiagnosed contacts ("blanket") with Neuraminidase Inhibitors.

• 35% to 50% probability of HA 230I in PF11 RBS within 90 days in one of:
• Georgia
• South Carolina
• North Carolina

These probabilities will be updated as additional data is made public.  Transparency at this stage of the pandemic is essential.  Release of sequences and clinical data of a finer detail and higher quantity will allow information-based decisions.

Please visit GeneWurx.com for insight into the latest published studies.

HA Spreads Across US and Travels to the Ukraine Again

Last Updated 2010-09-27

January to June 2010 Expansion of One Hydra

Follow 6 HA polymorphisms (3 silent) tracing onto 11 sequences through 7 distinct geographic locations:

34D, 165N, 189T, syn213F, syn305K, syn346G.

Five of the six polymorphisms are found in animal influenza reservoirs (zoonotic) and the sixth shares nucleotide homology with recognised zoonotic reservoirs.  Is this another strain linking the US to flu strains from the Ukraine, India or Russia?

. . . . GermanyAF2207_2010_01_19 (
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn213F TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f],
. . . . . . . . HA truncated after aa386)

. . . . Arizona03_2010_03_06 (
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn213F TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f])

. . . . Wisconsin03_2010_03_12 (
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 39E,
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 213F syn TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f])

. . . . GermanyAF2210_2010_03_18 (
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . syn188S [NY6943_2009_12_07_xL with 189T],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn213F TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f],
. . . . . . . . 377K [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . HA truncated after aa386)

. . . . Minnesota04_2010_03_22 (
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 213F syn TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 218V,
. . . . . . . . 230I (ATa) [Prediction, Prediction of Spread],
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . 313I [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f])

. . . . Hawaii06_2010_04_19 (
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 213F syn TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f])

. . . . UkrDnipropetrovsk445_2010_04_19 (
. . . . . . . . #1V,
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 213F syn TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 274S,
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f],
. . . . . . . . syn413K [H9N2])

. . . . Wisconsin06_2010_04_28 (
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 213F syn TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f],
. . . . . . . . syn379T)

. . . . Calif09_2010_05_11 (
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 213F syn TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . 313S,
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f],
. . . . . . . . syn356H,
. . . . . . . . syn390N [H2, H3N8, H5, H6, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, H11])

. . . . Arizona06_2010_05_29 (
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 158E mix,
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 213F syn TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 214E mix,
. . . . . . . . syn275V,
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f],
. . . . . . . . syn399E),

. . . . Texas03_2010_06_01 (
. . . . . . . . 34D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . .  [Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 225N],
. . . . . . . . 165N [Salekhard01_2009_xL_f
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E and 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka_C34_2010_04_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 230I (ATa)],
. . . . . . . . 189T [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 213F syn TTt [H5N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 260V,
. . . . . . . . 275I,
. . . . . . . . syn287G [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . syn305K [H7N3, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Colorado03_2010_02_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vermont30_2009_12_22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 127L, 165N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1761_2009_11_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn35L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SpainCatS1501_2009_10_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ChinaQingdao1261_2009_09_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn43K, 125P, 131P,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Berlin83_2009_08_25
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ItalyPavia66_2009_08_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn166K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .SchleswigHolstein16_2009_08_14
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bratislava1258_2009_08_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K, syn391T,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Slovenia2628_2009_07_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn23L, syn166K],
. . . . . . . . syn346G [H3N2, H3N8, H5N1, H6N2, H6N4, H10N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fixed in non-PF11 Emergent swine lineages,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  swNC19646_2010_04_20 with 158E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada01_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nevada20_2009_12_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Sachsen180_2009_12_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Lisboa108_2009_11_30 with 225E, syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS2206_2009_11_25 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  GhanaFS1982_2009_11_16 with syn228G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NewMexico16MXC1_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  BZ_RioJaneiro7131_2009_08_01_f])

Please refer to additional studies for further genetic analyses, including the survey on amino acid revisions potentially related to Vaccine Escape.  A hyper-morphic, TamiFlu-resistant sequence from the state of Washington in Spring 2010 has recently been profiled with similar zoonotic influences.

Updated Study on this Topic:

• 2010-09-27 225G Sequence from Pennsylvania Extends Sub-Clade with Fatality Markers from Russia and Brasil

Please visit GeneWurx.com for insight into the latest published studies.

TamiFlu Resistance and HA Diversity in Japan

7 Anti-Viral resistant sequences from Japan on 5 Different HA Backgrounds between October 27, 2009 and January 2010. 

The Kumamoto sequence carries 8 HA polymorphisms, joining the recent cast of hyper-morphic, Russian fatalities.  Of the HA revisions on the TamiFlu-resistant Kumamoto case, 5 are found on various animal (zoonotic) influenza sequences like H3N8, H5N1, H7N7 and H9N2 (domestic poultry). 

An examination of the RnR polymorphisms (Rare, not Random), shows at least one change appears on a fatality case from Italy and at least one silent polymorphism that is found in an alternate coding on an Avian-influenced, cross-linked sequence.  Trackback via the dates and locations of each change to find the ultimate origin (as far as the GenBank database is concerned) for each polymorphism.  Note that several potential donor sequences carry more than one of the markers on the Kumamoto case.

. . . . Kumamoto2_2010_01_14_TmX (
. . . . . . . . syn10Y [China22811_2009_12
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 14 HA changes],
. . . . . . . . 252L [Maryland03_2010_01_13,
. . . . . . . . . . . . Guangdong2361_2009_11_25],
. . . . . . . . syn254P [1918, tn, H5N1]),
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Ancona451_2009_11_27_f,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Iran15583_2009_11_21
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 16 HA (226R) + 3 NA changes,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iran16677_2009_11_24],
. . . . . . . . syn320G [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Yamagata307_2009_09_24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 123T, syn134G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Moscow_ION_2009_07_16,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bolivia1263_2009_07_14 with syn107Q,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mie41_2009_07_11 with syn107Q]
. . . . . . . . syn366A (GCa) [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Unique to PF11 Asia,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Netherlands2143_2009_11_16,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Maryland31_2009_11_09,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calif_SD35_2009_10_26,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY5297_2009_10_22,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NorthCarolina53_2009_10_18,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stockholm67_2009_07_17,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . MauritusMPn_2009_07_01,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . MauritusMPt_2009_07_01,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENG92860032_2009_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENG520_2009_06,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENG507_2009_06,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . WiscS1416_2009_10_26_xL (GCt),
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . TexasJMS385_2009_12_04 (GCt)],
. . . . . . . . syn390N [H2, H3N8, H5, H6, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, H11],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Calif09_2010_05_11,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NY7480_2010_03_01,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NY03_2010_02_09,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Texas01_2010_01_13,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  TexasJMS400_2009_12_31,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  TexasJMS399_2009_12_31,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  TexasJMS398_2009_12_30,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  TexasJMS397_2009_12_30,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Washington73_2009_12_14,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NY6937_2009_12_11,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Bishkek03_2009_11_28
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S, 175D,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Tomsk06_2009_11_22,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Russia200_2009_11_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S, 175D,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NY5196_2009_10_20,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NY5141_2009_10_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  ENG94280034_2009_10_06,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Texas45093846_2009,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Texas45024243_2009,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  AfghanistanN10786_2009_09_07
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  AfghanistanN10760_2009_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  AfghanistanN09787_2009_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Nepal (Nov)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  NeimengguHuimin11560_2009_12_30,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .  Kentucky16_2009_07_30],
. . . . . . . . syn466G [H5N1, tn],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Unique to PF11 Japan,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ChongqingYuzhong11307_2009_12_15
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with 219V,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY6864_2009_12_02
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with 530I,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY6909_2009_11_29
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with 530I,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . GuangdongHaizhu1644_2009_11_25,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY6675_2009_11_24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with 530I,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . DC46_2009_11_03
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with 530I,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY4995_2009_10_04
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with 530I,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . CalifVRDL75_2009_09_19
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with 119M,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas45130742_2009_09_13,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn227E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas45132788_2009_09_13,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas45120922_2009_09_12,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas45122282_2009_09_12,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas45113882_2009_09_11],
. . . . . . . . syn548C [H5N1, 1918, tn]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Unique to PF11 Asia,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bishkek03_2009_11_28
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S, 175D,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Russia200_2009_11_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S, 175D,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY5141_2009_10_16
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . AfghanistanN10786_2009_09_07
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . AfghanistanN10760_2009_09
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . AfghanistanN09787_2009_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . with syn131S])

. . . . Okayama1_2010_01_04_TmX (
. . . . . . . . #2I,
. . . . . . . . syn134G,
. . . . . . . . syn143G,
. . . . . . . . 241N mix wt,
. . . . . . . . 327V,
. . . . . . . . syn413K,
. . . . . . . . syn482V),
. . . . Aichi1222_2009_11_27_TmX (
. . . . . . . . syn134G,
. . . . . . . . syn236L,
. . . . . . . . 298L,
. . . . . . . . syn413K,
. . . . . . . . syn492Y),
. . . . Miyagi170_2009_10_27_TmX (
. . . . . . . . syn134G,
. . . . . . . . syn413K,
. . . . . . . . syn482V),

. . . . Niigata_C186_2009_12_25_TmX (
. . . . . . . . 87N,
. . . . . . . . 135E,
. . . . . . . . 377K),
. . . . Shizuoka_C442_2009_12_19_TmX (
. . . . . . . . 71G,
. . . . . . . . 377G,
. . . . . . . . syn413K),
. . . . Shizuoka_C21_2010_01_20_TmX (
. . . . . . . . 22I,
. . . . . . . . syn149K,
. . . . . . . . syn413K,
. . . . . . . . 523A [Extensive US 2010 April & May (10),
. . . . . . . . . . . .  on entirely different background,
. . . . . . . . . . . .  including Montana02_2010_04_07_VxX]),

Supporting Sequences
HA

. . . . Moscow_ION_2009_07_16 (
. . . . . . . . syn70C [H2N3, H3N8, H5, H6, H7N7],
. . . . . . . . syn158G [H3N8],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [NY4748_2009_07 with 163E,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mongolia_Inner01_2009_07_27 with 89G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . swNC13598_2010_03_09_f_xL
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 15 HA + 4 NA revisions],
. . . . . . . . 206T,
. . . . . . . . syn320G [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . . [Kumamoto2_2010_01_14_TmX,
. . . . . . . . . . . Yamagata307_2009_09_24,
. . . . . . . . . . . Bolivia1263_2009_07_14,
. . . . . . . . . . . Mie41_2009_07_11],
. . . . . . . . syn542S [H2, H5N1, H9N2])

In the United States the state of Washington has demonstrated a hyper-morphic, TamiFlu resistant strain during April 2010.

Please refer to additional studies for further genetic analyses, including the survey on amino acid revisions potentially related to Vaccine Escape.

Please visit GeneWurx.com for insight into the latest published studies.

TamiFlu Resistant Washington State Sequence of April 2010 Accumulates 20 Worldwide HA Polymorphisms

Last Updated 2010-08-07

** This study is in an intermediate phase and will have additions and corrections. **

Avian and other zoonotic additions continue to accumulate in a disproportionate fashion onto human pandemic strains.  This sequence from a human case in the American coastal state of Washington demonstrates the hyper-morphic behaviour of this pandemic virus that has been frequently discussed in the studies on this website.  More than 15 months into the development of the pandemic reservoir, we see an acceleration of viral genetic acquisition / development, rather than the deceleration that has been promoted in the social messaging campaigns of many countries.

The PF11 viral reservoir (pH1N1) does not show signals of stability.

Anti-viral drug resistance is increasing on the trajectory predicted by our team. Multi-drug resistance is on the rise as well. As seen very recently in seasonal influenza, drug resistance may become fixed over the course of a single season given very low counts / percentages of seed strains starting the season with resistance.

Two recent sequence deposits from Japan (7 TmX in the most recent) included a high percentage of drug resistant sequences bringing the total number of deposited strains for Asia and North America alone to the threshold of 100. Those 100 strains that have been deposited most certainly under-represent confirmed case counts of drug resistance. But even those admitted 100 ancestral beds are plentiful donors to drive viral revision with the additional assistance of widespread, worldwide clinical / sub-clinical anti-viral drug usage due to treatment guideline modifications.

The Washington sequence profiled is remarkable from several viewpoints, including TamiFlu resistance, hyper-morphic behaviour at a record pace, the relatively high potential for multiple, sub-unit genetic acquisition and the gravity of the related / donor strains on vaccine escape and fatality. Several groups of changes on this sequence have not been found together in this pandemic reservoir database making this virus novel under more than one inspection criteria.


TamiFlu resistant strain in April 2010, US.

Washington01_2010_04_02_TmX

HA segment: 20 changes with 7 mixtures (5 with wt)
NA segment: 13 changes with 3 mixtures (2 with wt)

. . . . Washington01_2010_04_02_TmX (
. . . . . . . . #8A mix wt [NY7426_2009_12_08
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 0I, 441H, et al],
. . . . . . . . 10H mix wt,
. . . . . . . . 35I [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . 122N mix wt [H5N1 Egypt (ORF)],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [OrenburgIIV13E_2010_03_02_xL_f
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N, 225G, syn413K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Athens157_2009_12_21,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Athens257_2009_12_13,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Netherlands1493b_2009_10_23,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma503_2009_08,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niigata717_2009_06_23 mix wt
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 414I only,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma2952_2009_04_28,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . swNC19646_2010_04_20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E, 186P, syn413K, et al],
. . . . . . . . 128D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . . [GermanyBY74_2009
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 128D, 225E and 226R,
. . . . . . . . . . . Oz_Victoria800_2010_06_02
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 502K,
. . . . . . . . . . . Kenya0042_2009_10_22 with 225E,
. . . . . . . . . . . Netherlands1064b_2009_09_01 with 225G GGa,
. . . . . . . . . . . SingSS003_2010_04 with 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . SingSS004_2010_04 with 225G],
. . . . . . . . 131P [PF11 Conserved in Asia],
. . . . . . . . 131T [Perth29_2009_05_26,
. . . . . . . . . . . Catalonia362_2009_06_16],
. . . . . . . . 132T [Calif07_2010_04_23],
. . . . . . . . 145R [Montana02_2010_04_07_VxX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 42E, 159I, 377K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . Montana03_2010_04_07
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 42E, 159I, 377K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . Montana01M1C1_2010_04_04
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 42E, 159I, 377K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . Kansas04_2010_04_01
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 42E, 377K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . Wyoming02_2010_04_21
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 42E, 377K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . Calif07_2010_04_23
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 42E, 132T, 377K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . Nevada02_2010_05_24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 42E, 377K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . Connecticut02_2010_04_05
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 42E, 377K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . Connecticut03_2010_05_06
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 42E, 377K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . NagasakiHA_10_1_2010_01_04
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with syn413K,
. . . . . . . . . . Athens268_2009_12_15,
. . . . . . . . . . Rome636_2009_11_26,
. . . . . . . . . . Calif_SD68_2009_11_03,
. . . . . . . . . . Kenya0046_2009_10_23],
. . . . . . . . syn159N [H3N8, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . . . . [IndiaDelhi3704_2009_09,
. . . . . . . . . . . Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL with 225N,
. . . . . . . . . . . YaroslavlIIV196_2009_12_04_f with 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . NY7420_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . NY7425_2009_12_20,
. . . . . . . . . . . California, Texas, Wisconsin,
. . . . . . . . . . . Nebraska01_2010_01_28 with syn485G,
. . . . . . . . . . . Scandinavia, Italy,
. . . . . . . . . . . Brussels243_2009_11_09 with 89G,
. . . . . . . . . . . Australia35_2009_07_24
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 89G and 504E,
. . . . . . . . . . . Australia6_2009_07_18
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 89G and 233H],
. . . . . . . . 186P,
. . . . . . . . 188N,
. . . . . . . . 219G [Unique to PF11],
. . . . . . . . 219R [Unique to PF11],
. . . . . . . . 241G,
. . . . . . . . 265E,
. . . . . . . . syn361G mix wt [1918, WSN33, tn],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [NY6943_2009_12_07_xL],
. . . . . . . . 377K mix wt [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn413K [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn441H [H2, H5N1, H6, H9N2, H11],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Moscow_BVA_2009_10_24_xL_f with 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Russia12_2009_11_01_xL,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY1998_2010_01_18 with 100N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY7420_2010_01_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY7425_2009_12_20,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY7426_2009_12_08 with 0I,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calif_SD75_2009_11_12,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . CalifVRDL34_2009_06_30,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . TexasJMS362_2009_11_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington72_2009_11_25 with 193N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . WiscD2442_2009_10_12,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ferretOregon23775_2009_10_05])

NA

. . . . Washington01_2010_04_02_TmX (
. . . . . . . . 248N,
. . . . . . . . 275Y,
. . . . . . . . 276F,
. . . . . . . . 365N,
. . . . . . . . syn369N,
. . . . . . . . 382E mix wt,
. . . . . . . . 394I,
. . . . . . . . 395E mix wt,
. . . . . . . . syn412L,
. . . . . . . . 434D (gAa)
. . . . . . . . 434K (aAa),
. . . . . . . . syn458P,
. . . . . . . . 463V)


Supporting Sequences
HA

. . . . Orenburg2974_2009_11_16_xL (
. . . . . . . . 34D [NewYork, Arizona, California],
. . . . . . . . syn159N [H3N8, H9N2]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [IndiaDelhi3704_2009_09,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NY, California, Texas, Wisconsin,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scandinavia, Italy, et al],
. . . . . . . . 225N,
. . . . . . . . 313I [Unique to PF11],
. . . . . . . . syn372Q [H2, H3N8, H4, H5, H6, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, H11]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . [IndiaPune9355_2009_08 with 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . IndiaBlore236_2009_06 with 226R,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ulyanovsk_SHTA_2009_10_31_f_225N,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Russia fatal extensive,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . swIowa35572_2009_12_16,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NagasakiHA10_22_2010_03_01],
. . . . . . . . syn413K [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn485G [Nebraska 01_2010_01_28,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . IndiaPune10604_2009_09,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . NagasakiHA10_22_2010_03_01],
. . . . . . . . syn513I [Kansas26_2009_11_03,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Texas46201823_2009_10_20]),

. . . . YaroslavlIIV196_2009_12_04_f (
. . . . . . . . . . . syn7C,
. . . . . . . . . . . 89G [H7N7],
. . . . . . . . . . . syn159N [H3N8, H9N2],
. . . . . . . . . . . 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . syn297N [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . . syn319T [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . . syn428L [H5N1]),

. . . . OrenburgIIV13E_2010_03_02_xL_f (
. . . . . . . . #11T,
. . . . . . . . 122N
. . . . . . . . 165N [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn168Y [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 225G,
. . . . . . . . 238K,
. . . . . . . . syn413K [H2, H5N1, H9N2]),

. . . . OrenburgIIV13_2010_03_02_xL_f (
. . . . . . . . #11T,
. . . . . . . . 165N [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . syn168Y [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 225G,
. . . . . . . . 238K,
. . . . . . . . syn413K [H2, H5N1, H9N2]),

. . . . Niigata717_2009_06_23 (
. . . . . . . . 122N mix wt [H5N1 Egypt (ORF)],
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [OrenburgIIV13E_2010_03_02_xL_f
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 165N, 225G, syn413K, et al,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washington01_2010_04_02_TmX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 20 HA polymorphisms,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Athens157_2009_12_21,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Athens257_2009_12_13,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Netherlands1493b_2009_10_23,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma503_2009_08,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Niigata717_2009_06_23 mix wt
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 414I only,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oklahoma2952_2009_04_28,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . swNC19646_2010_04_20
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 158E, 186P, syn413K, et al],
. . . . . . . . 206T,
. . . . . . . . 414I),

. . . . NY7426_2009_12_08 (
. . . . . . . . #8A, 0I, 35I, syn69E, syn154L, syn159N,
. . . . . . . . 175K, 206T, syn413K, syn441H,
. . . . . . . . syn538F [GuamNHRC0002_2009_07_23]),

. . . . SingSS003_2010_04 (
. . . . . . . . syn44L,
. . . . . . . . syn94Y,
. . . . . . . . syn106E,
. . . . . . . . 128D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . . [GermanyBY74_2009
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 128D, 225E and 226R,
. . . . . . . . . . . Kenya0042_2009_10_22 with 225E,
. . . . . . . . . . . Netherlands1064b_2009_09_01 with 225G GGa,
. . . . . . . . . . . Oz_Victoria800_2010_06_02 with 502K,
. . . . . . . . . . . SingSS004_2010_04 with 225G],
. . . . . . . . 225G,
. . . . . . . . syn295F,
. . . . . . . . 377K [H9N2]),
. . . . SingSS004_2010_04 (
. . . . . . . . syn44L,
. . . . . . . . 51T,
. . . . . . . . syn106E,
. . . . . . . . 128D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . . [GermanyBY74_2009
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 128D, 225E and 226R,
. . . . . . . . . . . Kenya0042_2009_10_22 with 225E,
. . . . . . . . . . . Netherlands1064b_2009_09_01 with 225G GGa,
. . . . . . . . . . . Oz_Victoria800_2010_06_02 with 502K,
. . . . . . . . . . . SingSS003_2010_04 with 225G],
. . . . . . . . 225G,
. . . . . . . . 377K [H9N2]),

. . . . GuamNHRC0002_2009_07_23 (
. . . . . . . . syn231N,
. . . . . . . . syn538F [NY7426_2009_12_08]),

. . . . Oz_Victoria800_2010_06_02 (
. . . . . . . . syn44L,
. . . . . . . . syn106E,
. . . . . . . . 128D [H5N1],
. . . . . . . . . . . [GermanyBY74_2009
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with 128D, 225E and 226R,
. . . . . . . . . . . Kenya0042_2009_10_22 with 225E,
. . . . . . . . . . . Netherlands1064b_2009_09_01 with 225G GGa,
. . . . . . . . . . . SingSS003_2010_04 with 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . SingSS004_2010_04 with 225G],
. . . . . . . . 206T,
. . . . . . . . 377K [H9N2],
. . . . . . . . 502K [UkrTernopilN10_2009_10_28_xL_f with 225G,
. . . . . . . . . . . SingGP2362_2010_05_18,
. . . . . . . . . . . Scandinavia (7),
. . . . . . . . . . . CalifVRDL2_2010_01_11,
. . . . . . . . . . . California33_2009_08_06,
. . . . . . . . . . . Michigan21_2009_08_07,
. . . . . . . . . . . SouthCarolina36_2009_09_02,
. . . . . . . . . . . SouthCarolina38_2009_09_17,
. . . . . . . . . . . Haiti534_2009_10_19,
. . . . . . . . . . . AlgeriaG2902_2009_12_09 mix with 225E,
. . . . . . . . . . . Egypt114_2009_12_06 with 225E,
. . . . . . . . . . . JapanPR1070_2009_07_10,
. . . . . . . . . . . ThailandTHB0438_2009_07_28,
. . . . . . . . . . . Jiangyin34_2009_08_16,
. . . . . . . . . . . GuangxiLongan1870_2009_12_16],
. . . . . . . . syn529L)

Additional supporting sequences may be viewed on the recently updated study indicating that 100% of the critical HA range between aa186 and aa248 has registered changes within the PF11 reservoir.  Consistent spread is apparent with a March to June expansion of one Hydra strain from the US to the Ukraine and back.

Please visit GeneWurx.com for insight into the latest published studies.